Ever dreamt of picking fresh, seedless oranges right from your own backyard? The Washington Navel Orange Tree offers not only delicious, easy-to-peel fruit but also adds a burst of color and life to your garden. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a beginner, this tree is a standout choice for anyone looking to enjoy the sweet taste of homegrown citrus.
Introduction to Washington Navel Orange Tree
If you’re looking to add a vibrant and fruitful tree to your backyard, the Washington Navel Orange Tree is an excellent choice. Here’s why this tree stands out and how you can make the most of it.
What is the Washington Navel Orange Tree?
The Washington Navel Orange Tree, scientifically known as Citrus sinensis, is a popular variety of orange tree renowned for its delicious, seedless, and easy-to-peel fruit. This tree is a favorite among gardeners and fruit enthusiasts due to its reliability and the quality of its fruit.
Why is it called the “Washington Navel”?
The name “Washington Navel” originates from the introduction of this variety to Washington, D.C. in the 1870s. It was imported from Brazil and quickly gained popularity for its unique characteristics, such as the small, secondary fruit at the apex of the main fruit, resembling a human navel.
Historical Background and Origin
The Washington Navel Orange Tree has its roots in Bahia, Brazil, where it first appeared in the early 19th century as a mutation of an orange tree. It was later introduced to the United States and became widely cultivated, particularly in California, where it thrives.
Characteristics of the Washington Navel Orange Tree
What are the key features of the Washington Navel Orange Tree?
- Seedless and Easy to Peel: The fruit is seedless and has a thin, easy-to-peel skin, making it a delight for fresh eating.
- Flavour and Taste: The oranges are sweet, very juicy, and have an excellent flavor when freshly picked.
- Fruit Appearance: The fruit is round to slightly oval, with a vibrant orange color and orange flesh.
How does the fruit look and taste?
The Washington Navel Orange is characterized by its sweet and juicy flesh, with a flavor that is both refreshing and rich. The fruit is medium to large in size, making it perfect for snacking or cooking.
What are the growth habits and size of the tree?
- Height and Spread: When grown in the ground, the tree can reach a height of 10-15 feet and a similar spread. In containers, it remains more compact, typically growing to 6-8 feet tall.
- Growth Habit: The tree has a well-branched, rounded canopy with slightly drooping branches and evergreen foliage.
Benefits of Growing Washington Navel Orange Tree
Why should you choose the Washington Navel Orange Tree for your garden?
- Easy to Grow: This tree is highly recommended for beginner gardeners due to its ease of growth and maintenance.
- Popular Backyard Orange: It is one of the most popular backyard orange trees, widely grown in home orchards for its delicious and easy-to-peel fruit.
What are the nutritional benefits of Washington Navel Oranges?
Washington Navel Oranges are a nutrient-rich fruit that provides a range of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Here’s a detailed breakdown of their nutritional benefits:
Vitamins:
| Vitamin | Amount per 100g serving |
|---|---|
| Vitamin C | 59.1 mg |
| Vitamin A | 10.3 µg |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) | 0.068 mg |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | 0.051 mg |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | 0.425 mg |
| Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) | 0.261 mg |
| Vitamin B6 | 0.079 mg |
| Vitamin B9 (Folate) | 25 µg |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | 0 µg |
Minerals:
| Mineral | Amount per 100g serving |
|---|---|
| Potassium | 166 mg |
| Calcium | 43 mg |
| Magnesium | 10.7 mg |
| Phosphorus | 23 mg |
| Manganese | 0.029 mg |
| Copper | 0.064 mg |
| Iron | 0.33 mg |
| Zinc | 0.11 mg |
Other nutrients:
| Nutrient | Amount per 100g serving |
|---|---|
| Fiber, soluble | 0.2 g |
| Fiber, insoluble | 1.8 g |
| Sugar | 8.57 g |
| Protein | 0.91 g |
| Fat | 0.15 g |
| Water content | 86.7 g |
Antioxidants:
Washington Navel Oranges are also rich in antioxidants, including flavonoids, carotenoids, and limonoids. These compounds have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and can help protect against chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.
Health benefits:
The nutritional benefits of Washington Navel Oranges make them an excellent addition to a healthy diet. Some of the potential health benefits of consuming these oranges include:
- Supporting immune function and reducing the risk of illness
- Helping to lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels
- Supporting healthy digestion and bowel function
- Providing antioxidant protection against chronic diseases
- Supporting healthy skin, hair, and nail growth
Overall, Washington Navel Oranges are a nutritious and delicious addition to a healthy diet.
How does this variety compare to other orange trees?
- Unique Characteristics: Unlike other oranges, Washington Navel Oranges are seedless, have a thicker skin, and are less suitable for juice due to their limonin content, which becomes bitter when exposed to air.
- Climate Preference: They prefer cooler, more temperate climates and do not perform well in hot, semi-tropical environments or drier, desert conditions.
Here’s a detailed comparison of the Washington Navel Orange Tree to other orange tree varieties:
| Characteristic | Washington Navel Orange Tree | Other Orange Trees |
|---|---|---|
| Fruit Characteristics | ||
| Seedlessness | Seedless | May contain seeds |
| Skin Thickness | Thicker skin | Thinner skin |
| Suitability for Juicing | Less suitable due to limonin content | More suitable for juicing |
| Climate Preference | ||
| Temperature Range | Prefer cooler, temperate climates | May tolerate a wider range of temperatures |
| Performance in Hot, Humid Climates | Do not perform well | May perform better |
| Performance in Drier, Desert Conditions | Do not perform well | May perform better |
| Other Differences | ||
| Fruit Shape | Round to slightly oval | May vary in shape |
| Fruit Size | Medium to large | May vary in size |
| Flavor Profile | Sweet, juicy, and rich | Flavor may vary depending on variety |
| Maturity Time | Typically ripens in winter to early spring | Maturity time may vary |
Unique Characteristics of the Washington Navel Orange Tree:
- Seedlessness: Unlike many other orange varieties, Washington Navel Oranges are completely seedless, making them ideal for fresh eating and reducing waste.
- Thicker Skin: The fruit has a thicker, easier-to-peel skin compared to other orange varieties.
- Suitability for Juicing: Due to their limonin content, which can become bitter when exposed to air, Washington Navel Oranges are less suitable for juicing compared to other orange varieties.
Planting and Care Guidelines
How to Choose the Right Location?
Selecting the perfect spot for your Washington Navel Orange Tree is crucial for its health and productivity. Here’s what you need to consider:
Full Sun Requirements:
- The tree needs at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
- In spring, summer, and fall, place the tree in the sunniest spot in your yard or garden.
- For potted trees, consider using wheeled planters to easily move them to optimal sun positions.
- During winter, if you live in a colder climate and have a potted tree, move it indoors to a south-facing window or a well-lit room with grow lights.
Well-Drained Soil:
- The soil should have excellent drainage to prevent root rot.
- If your garden soil is heavy clay, consider creating raised beds or mounds to improve drainage.
- For container growing, use a high-quality potting mix specifically designed for citrus trees.
Protection from Wind:
- Choose a location that offers some protection from strong winds, which can damage branches and cause fruit to drop.
- A spot near a south-facing wall can provide both wind protection and reflected heat.
Space Considerations:
- Allow enough space for the mature size of the tree, typically 15-20 feet tall and wide for in-ground trees.
- For container-grown trees, ensure there’s enough space for the pot and room for pruning and harvesting.
What are the soil requirements?
Soil Type:
- Ideal pH range: 6.0 to 7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral)
- Texture: Coarse and well-draining
- Composition: A mix of sand, loam, and organic matter is ideal
Soil Preparation:
- If your native soil is heavy clay, amend it with coarse sand and organic matter to improve drainage.
- For container growing, use a potting mix that’s 1/3 peat moss, 1/3 pine bark, and 1/3 perlite or coarse sand.
Moisture Requirements:
- The soil should be consistently moist but never waterlogged.
- Use a moisture meter to monitor soil moisture levels, especially for container-grown trees.
- Mulch around the base of the tree to help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
How to properly plant a Washington Navel Orange Tree?
Planting Process:
- Choose a location with full sun and well-drained soil.
- Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and just as deep.
- Gently remove the tree from its container and loosen the roots.
- Place the tree in the hole, ensuring the graft union is 4-6 inches above the soil line.
- Backfill with native soil mixed with compost.
- Water thoroughly and add a 2-3 inch layer of mulch, keeping it away from the trunk.
Container Planting:
- Use a container at least 18-24 inches in diameter with multiple drainage holes.
- Place a layer of gravel at the bottom of the pot to improve drainage.
- Use a high-quality potting mix designed for citrus trees.
Rootstock Considerations:
- Flying Dragon rootstock: Produces a tree 8-10 feet tall, ideal for containers or small spaces.
- C-35 rootstock: Results in a semi-dwarf tree, about 10-15 feet tall.
- Trifoliate orange rootstock: offers good cold hardiness and disease resistance.
What is the optimal watering schedule?
Newly Planted Trees:
- Water deeply 2-3 times a week for the first month.
- Gradually reduce to once a week over the next 2-3 months.
Established Trees:
- Water deeply once every 7–14 days during the growing season.
- Adjust based on rainfall, temperature, and soil moisture levels.
Winter Watering:
- Reduce watering frequency in winter, but don’t let the soil dry out completely.
- Water when the top 2-3 inches of soil feel dry.
Container Trees:
- Water more frequently, potentially daily in hot weather.
- Allow the top inch of soil to dry between waterings.
What are the best practices for fertilization?
Fertilizer Type:
- Use a balanced, slow-release citrus fertilizer with an NPK ratio around 8-8-8 or 10-10-10.
- Look for fertilizers that also contain micronutrients like iron, zinc, and manganese.
Fertilization Schedule:
- Late winter (February): Apply first dose as new growth begins.
- Late spring (May): Second application to support fruit development.
- Early fall (September): Final application to prepare for winter.
Application Rates:
- Follow package instructions based on tree age and size.
- Generally, use about 1 pound of fertilizer per year of tree age, up to 10 pounds.
Additional Tips:
- Spread fertilizer evenly under the tree’s canopy, avoiding the trunk.
- Water thoroughly after application.
- Consider supplementing with foliar sprays for micronutrients if deficiencies occur.
Related: When to Fertilize Citrus Trees in California
How to prune and maintain the tree?
Pruning Schedule:
- Prune annually in late winter or early spring, before new growth begins.
- Light pruning can be done throughout the year to remove dead or diseased branches.
Pruning Techniques:
- Remove any suckers growing from the base of the tree.
- Thin out dense areas to improve air circulation and light penetration.
- Cut back long, leggy branches to encourage bushier growth.
- Maintain a balanced, open canopy shape.
Maintenance Tasks:
- Regularly inspect for pests and diseases.
- Clean up fallen leaves and fruit to prevent disease spread.
- Adjust ties on staked trees as they grow.
Winter Protection:
- For potted trees, move them indoors or to a protected area when temperatures drop below 28°F (-2°C).
- For in-ground trees, use frost cloth or build a frame around the tree and cover with burlap when frost is expected.
- Apply a thick layer of mulch around the base of the tree to insulate the roots.
Pest and Disease Management
What are the common pests affecting Washington Navel Orange Trees?
Washington Navel Orange Trees, like many citrus trees, can be susceptible to a variety of pests that can affect their health and fruit production. Here’s a detailed list of common pests and how to manage them:
Insect Pests
Citrus Rust Mite
- Description: These tiny mites feed on the fruit, causing a brownish-red discoloration known as “rust.”
- Symptoms: Affected fruit develops rough, brownish spots.
- Control: Use miticides specifically designed to control citrus rust mites. Apply them according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Mealybugs
- Description: These soft-bodied insects are covered in a white, waxy substance and can be found in clusters on the tree.
- Symptoms: They secrete honeydew, which can lead to sooty mold, and they can also weaken the tree by feeding on its sap.
- Control: Use insecticidal soap or Neem oil to control infestations. Repeat applications may be necessary.
Whiteflies
- Description: These small, white, winged insects are often found on the undersides of leaves.
- Symptoms: They cause leaves to yellow and drop prematurely. Like mealybugs, they also produce honeydew.
- Control: Use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil to manage whitefly populations. Regular monitoring and early treatment are key.
Aphids
- Description: These small, soft-bodied insects come in various colors and can be found on the undersides of leaves and on new growth.
- Symptoms: Aphids cause leaves to curl and discolor. They also produce honeydew, leading to sooty mold.
- Control: Use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or a strong water spray to knock aphids off the tree. Natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings can also help control aphid populations.
Fruit Flies
- Description: These small flies lay their eggs in ripening fruit, causing the fruit to become infested with maggots.
- Symptoms: Infested fruit will have small puncture marks and will often rot prematurely.
- Control: Use traps to monitor and control fruit fly populations. Regularly harvest ripe fruit and dispose of any fallen or damaged fruit to reduce the breeding sites.
Outdoor Pests
Slugs
- Description: These gastropods feed on the foliage and fruit of the tree, particularly in damp conditions.
- Symptoms: Leaves and fruit may have holes or chewed edges.
- Control: Use slug baits or traps to control slug populations. Keeping the area around the tree free of debris and weeds can also help reduce slug activity.
Indoor Pests
Mites
- Description: Various types of mites, including spider mites, can infest indoor citrus trees.
- Symptoms: Leaves may develop a stippled or bronzed appearance, and webs may be present on the undersides of leaves.
- Control: Use miticides specifically designed for indoor use. Regularly inspect your tree and treat at the first sign of infestation.
Aphids
- Description: Indoor citrus trees can also be affected by aphids, as described above.
- Symptoms: Leaves may curl, and honeydew may be present.
- Control: Use insecticidal soap or Neem oil to control aphid populations. Ensure proper ventilation and light conditions to keep the tree healthy.
Additional Tips for Pest Management:
- Regular Inspection: Inspect your tree regularly for signs of pests. Early detection can prevent infestations from becoming severe.
- Proper Care: Keep your tree healthy with regular watering, fertilization, and pruning. A healthy tree is better able to resist pests and diseases.
- Sanitation: Remove fallen fruit and debris from around the tree to reduce breeding sites for pests.
- Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Use a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical controls to manage pests effectively and sustainably.
By staying vigilant and taking proactive measures, you can help protect your Washington Navel Orange Tree from common pests and ensure it remains healthy and productive.
How to identify and treat common diseases?
Washington Navel Orange Trees, like many citrus trees, can be susceptible to various diseases that can affect their health and productivity. Here’s a detailed guide on how to identify and treat some of the most common diseases:
Greasy Spot
- Description: Greasy spot is a fungal disease that causes small, dark spots to form on the leaves and fruit of the tree.
- Symptoms: The spots are typically circular and have a greasy appearance. They can also cause the leaves to become distorted and drop prematurely.
- Treatment: Use a fungicide specifically designed to control greasy spot. Apply the fungicide according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and repeat as necessary.
Stem-End Rot
- Description: Stem-end rot is a fungal disease that causes the fruit to rot at the stem end.
- Symptoms: The fruit will typically develop a soft, mushy texture and a foul odor.
- Treatment: Use a fungicide specifically designed to control stem-end rot. Apply the fungicide according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and repeat as necessary.
Sweet Orange Scab
- Description: Sweet orange scab is a fungal disease that causes small, raised spots to form on the leaves and fruit of the tree.
- Symptoms: The spots are typically circular and have a rough, scabby texture.
- Treatment: Use a fungicide specifically designed to control sweet orange scab. Apply the fungicide according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and repeat as necessary.
Citrus Canker
- Description: Citrus canker is a bacterial disease that causes small, raised spots to form on the leaves and fruit of the tree.
- Symptoms: The spots are typically circular and have a rough, scabby texture.
- Treatment: Use a bactericide specifically designed to control citrus canker. Apply the bactericide according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and repeat as necessary.
Citrus Greening Disease
- Description: Citrus greening disease is a bacterial disease that causes the leaves of the tree to turn yellow and the fruit to become misshapen.
- Symptoms: The leaves will typically turn yellow and drop prematurely, and the fruit will become misshapen and develop a sour taste.
- Treatment: There is no cure for citrus greening disease, but it can be managed with the use of insecticides to control the Asian citrus psyllid, which is the primary vector of the disease.
Fungicides and Bactericides:
- Copper-based fungicides: These are effective against a wide range of fungal diseases, including greasy spots, stem-end rot, and sweet orange scab.
- Chlorothalonil: This is a broad-spectrum fungicide that is effective against many fungal diseases, including citrus canker.
- Streptomycin: This is a bactericide that is effective against citrus canker and other bacterial diseases.
- Neem oil: This is a natural fungicide that is effective against many fungal diseases, including greasy spots and stem-end rot.
Application Methods:
- Spraying: Fungicides and bactericides can be applied to the tree using a sprayer. Make sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application rates and timing.
- Drenching: Fungicides and bactericides can also be applied to the soil around the tree using a drench. This can help to control diseases that are caused by soil-borne pathogens.
Harvesting and Usage
When is the best time to harvest Washington Navel Oranges?
- Ripening Time: The fruit typically ripens during the winter to early spring months, with the peak harvest time usually between November and January.
How to correctly harvest the fruit?
- Hand Picking: Harvest the oranges by hand, gently twisting them from the tree to avoid damaging the stem or the tree itself.
What are the best ways to use Washington Navel Oranges?
- Fresh Eating: These oranges are ideal for fresh eating due to their seedless and easy-to-peel nature.
- Cooking: They can be used in various recipes, from marmalades to salads, adding a sweet and juicy twist.
- Juice: Although not ideal for juicing due to their limonin content, they can still be used for homemade juice blends.
Conclusion
Why Choose Washington Navel Orange Trees from a Premium Nursery?
Choosing a Washington Navel Orange Tree from a premium nursery ensures you get a healthy, well-cared-for tree that is more likely to thrive in your garden. These nurseries often provide trees grafted onto high-quality rootstocks, which can lead to earlier fruit production and better overall health.
Final Thoughts and Encouragement for Enthusiasts
Growing a Washington Navel Orange Tree can be a rewarding experience, providing you with delicious, juicy oranges right in your backyard. With proper care and attention, this tree can flourish and become a beloved addition to your garden. So, if you’re looking for a popular backyard orange tree that’s easy to grow and maintain, the Washington Navel Orange Tree is an excellent choice. Happy gardening
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is the Washington Navel Orange Tree suitable for small backyards?
A: Absolutely! This tree is known for being compact, making it a popular variety for small backyards. Despite its size, it produces a good crop of juicy fruit.
Q: What type of soil is best for the Washington Navel Orange Tree?
A: This tree prefers well-drained, sandy soil that’s rich in organic matter. Fertilise regularly to keep the soil nutrient-rich and support healthy growth.
Q: Are there any pests or diseases I should watch out for?
A: Like many fruit trees, the Washington Navel Orange Tree may attract pests like aphids, spider mites, and scale insects. Regularly inspect your tree and use appropriate treatments if needed. Please note that proper care and maintenance can help prevent most common issues.
Q: How much water does the Washington Navel Orange Tree need?
A: This tree requires regular watering, especially during dry periods and when the fruit is forming. However, be careful not to overwater, as it can lead to root rot. A good rule of thumb is to water deeply but less frequently.
Q: Can I grow a Washington Navel Orange Tree from seeds?
A: Since the Washington Navel Orange is a seedless variety, you can’t grow it from seeds. It’s usually propagated through grafting to ensure the new tree retains all the desirable traits of the parent tree.
Q: How can I improve the flavour of my oranges?
A: To enhance the flavour of your oranges, make sure the tree gets full sun and is well-fertilised. The more sunlight the tree gets, the sweeter and juicier the fruit will be. Regular pruning can also help by encouraging healthy new growth and improving air circulation.
