Black-Eyed Susans Flower
The black-eyed susans flower is a beloved wildflower native to North America. With their bright yellow petals and dark brown centers, they are a staple of summer and early fall gardens.
Scientific Name
The scientific name for black-eyed susan is Rudbeckia hirta. It is classified as part of the Asteraceae or Daisy family.
Description
Black-eyed susans have multiple yellow-ray flowers surrounding a dark brown disc flowerhead. Each flowerhead is approximately 1-3 inches wide. The leaves are green and lobed. Plants typically grow 1-3 feet tall on green stems.
Common Varieties of Black-Eyed Susans Flower
There are a number of varieties of Rudbeckia hirta that are grown as ornamental plants. Two of the most common are:
Green-Eyed Susan
The ‘Green-Eyed Susan‘ variety has green centers rather than brown.
Gloriosa Daisy
‘Gloriosa Daisy‘ has fully doubled yellow blooms that appear more daisy-like than the single-flowered black-eyed susan.
Growing Black-Eyed Susans Flower
Black-eyed susans are generally quite easy to grow and thrive in many soil and sun conditions. Here are some tips:
Soil and Sunlight
They prefer well-draining soil and full sun but will tolerate some shade. Amend clay soil with compost or sand.
Planting Dates
For the earliest bloom, start seeds indoors 6–8 weeks before the last spring frost. Direct sow seeds after last spring frost date.
Care and Maintenance
Water newly planted seeds and transplants regularly until they are established. Once established, black-eyed susans are quite drought-tolerant.
Pests and Diseases
Black-eyed susans are typically very hardy and pest-free. However, they can occasionally be affected by:
- Powdery mildew: a fungal disease causing a white powdery coating. Prune off affected parts.
- Aster yellows cause flower heads to distort and leaves to twist. Remove infected plants.
Propagating Black-Eyed Susans Flower
Black-eyed susans are easily propagated from seed or division.
Seed Starting Indoors
Sow seeds indoors 6–8 weeks before the last spring frost. Keep soil moist and provide bright light. Harden off seedlings before planting outside.
Direct Sowing Outdoors
For a jump start on blooms, direct sow seeds in early spring after last frost date. Press seeds lightly into soil.
Division and Transplanting
Established clumps can be divided in spring or fall. Wear gloves, as plant sap may cause skin irritation for some.
Using Black-Eyed Susans in the Landscape
Black-eyed susans make excellent additions to flower beds, borders, meadow plantings, and naturalized gardens.
Companion Plants
They pair well with other prairie plants like coneflowers, joe pye weed, and little bluestem grass.
Attracting Wildlife
The nectar and pollen attract beneficial pollinators like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Deer tend to leave black-eyed susans alone.
Black-Eyed Susan Flowering Season
Black-eyed susans bloom profusely from mid-summer through early fall. Some key things to know:
- Bloom Time: Typically from June/July through September/October.
- Succession Blooming: Deadheading spent flowers encourages additional blooms on the same plant through fall.
- Color Variations: Flower color ranges from yellow to gold to orange shades. Some cultivars have red-based colors.
Related: Growing black and white flowers
Medicinal and Other Uses of Black-Eyed Susans
Black-eyed susans have uses beyond just ornamental gardening:
- Medicinal teas: Native Americans traditionally used them to relieve symptoms like fevers and inflammation.
- Dried Flowers: The flowers dry beautifully and are great for seasonal decorative arrangements and crafts.
- Edible Parts: The bright yellow petals can be used to add color and flavor to salads or drinks. All plant parts should be thoroughly identified and prepared properly before being ingested.
Tips for Maintaining Black-Eyed Susan Plants
With some care, established black-eyed susan plants will reward you with years of vibrant blooms:
- Watering: During blooms, water if rain is lacking. Otherwise, they are quite drought-tolerant.
- Fertilizing: In early spring, apply balanced fertilizer to boost growth and blooms.
- Deadheading: Remove spent flowers to encourage reblooming through the fall. Cut stems back after final blooms.
- Dividing: To maintain vigor, divide crowded clumps every 3–4 years in spring or fall.
- Overwintering: Leave seed heads for winter interest and to nourish wildlife. Cut down dried stems in late winter/early spring before new growth emerges.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are black-eyed Susan flowers toxic?
While all parts of the black-eyed susan plant are considered non-toxic, it’s still best to keep them out of the reach of young children and pets if consumed accidentally. The flowers are generally regarded as safe for use as edible garnishes or in teas.
Do deer and rabbits eat black-eyed susans flowers?
Deer and rabbits typically do not find black-eyed susans very palatable due to their bitter taste. They make an excellent choice for parts of the yard where you want color but don’t want the foliage destroyed.
How long do black-eyed susans bloom?
Black-eyed susans usually bloom from mid-summer into early fall, around June/July through September. Some variability depends on climate and cultivar. Deadheading can often extend the bloom time well into the fall on the same plant.
Can I plant black-eyed susans at the store?
Yes, you can certainly plant and grow black-eyed susans purchased from nurseries and stores. Check that the plants are not pot-bound before planting them in the garden. Give them the same growing conditions as if starting from seed: full sun and well-draining soil.
Conclusion
Black-eyed susans are a terrific addition to any sunny garden, providing lush blooms from mid-summer through fall.
Their cheerful yellow flowers attract pollinators while withstanding heat and drought. With a little care, black-eyed susans reward gardeners with vibrant color year after year.
I hope this guide has given you all the information you need to confidently grow and care for these beautiful wildflowers.