Overview of Mangoes in Texas
Mango trees have been grown in Texas for over 100 years. Some of the earliest varieties introduced were ‘Francis’ and ‘Kent’, which have proven to be very well-adapted to the Lone Star State’s climate.
While commercial mango orchards are still relatively uncommon in Texas, many homeowners are now cultivating mango trees in their yards.
History of Mango Trees in Texas
The earliest records of mango trees being cultivated in Texas date back to the late 1800s. Spanish missionaries are believed to have first brought mangoes to southern parts of the state.
Throughout the 1900s, new varieties were trialed at agricultural experiment stations and botanical gardens. Today there are many options for growing mangoes in Texas backyard orchards and farms.
Varieties Best Suited for Texas
Two great options for Texas are ‘Francis‘ and ‘Kent‘ mangoes. ‘Francis’ is highly heat-tolerant and resistant to common diseases.
It bears small yellow mangoes that are very sweet and flavorful. ‘Kent’ is prolific, with some trees producing over 200 fruits. Its orange mangoes have a balance of acidity and sweetness.
Other varieties to consider are ‘Tommy Atkins‘, which stores well, and newer introductions still being tested.
Proper Planting Times in Texas
The best times to plant mango trees in Texas are in late winter or early spring (February–April) and late summer or early fall (August–September).
This gives the trees time to establish strong root systems before facing extreme heat or cold weather. Young mangoes also appreciate watering during their first 1-2 growing seasons after being planted.
Choosing a Mango Variety for Texas
When selecting which mango tree variety to grow, there are a few key factors to consider related to Texas’s climate and conditions.
Productivity, disease resistance, flavor and seasons of ripening are all important to match the variety to your specific location and needs.
‘Francis’ Mango: Heat-Loving and Disease-Resistant
As mentioned earlier, ‘Francis’ is an excellent choice for the hot and humid conditions present across much of Texas. Its tolerance to high temperatures and resistance to anthracnose disease and other fungal infections make it a reliable producer. Small yellow fruits ripen from July through September.
‘Kent’ Mango: Prolific and Tasty
Renowned for its heavy and consistent crops, ‘Kent’ can yield over 200 large orange mangoes per tree. Its fruits have a sweet-tangy balance of flavor when ripe from August to October. Vigorous growth also makes ‘Kent’ a popular option for commercial orchards in the state.
Related: Ataulfo Mango: The Creamy Gold of Mangoes
Less Common Varieties
While ‘Francis’ and ‘Kent’ are tried-and-true choices, some homeowners like to experiment with less mainstream mango varieties.
‘Tommy Atkins’ bears very sturdy fruits ideal for shipping and stores well once ripe from late spring through summer.
‘Haden’ produces small red mangoes with flavor described as “pineapple-like”. It fruits slightly earlier than others, from April to June.
Planting Your Mango Tree in Texas
When selecting a planting location for your mango tree, there are some important factors related to soil, sun exposure and space to consider for successful growth in Texas climate. Proper planting techniques also help the tree establish strong roots to withstand weather extremes.
Ideal Planting Spot Considerations
Aim for a spot with at least 8 hours of direct sun daily. Mangoes need warmth. Avoid low-lying areas prone to frost or flooding. Well-drained, loamy soil with a pH of 6.0–7.5 is best. Leave room for your tree to reach its mature 20–30′ height and spread.
Soil Preparation Techniques
Remove weeds and add 2-4 inches of organic matter, like compost, to the existing soil. This enriches nutrients and structure. Dig hole 3 times wider than the root ball but only as deep. Roughen inside of hole with garden fork to allow roots to spread.
Proper Planting Method
Place the tree in the hole, making sure the crown and roots are not planted too deep. Backfill with existing soil, compacting firmly as you go to remove air pockets. Construct a 3-4″ tall berm around perimeter to aid watering. Stake only if needed in windy areas.
Watering the Newly Planted Tree
Water deeply once per week for first year, less in winter. Newly planted trees need about 1 inch of rain or irrigation each time. Use soaker hoses or drip systems for efficient delivery without wetting foliage. Monitor and adjust as needed based on rainfall.
Caring for Your Mango Tree in Texas
With some basic ongoing care and maintenance practices, homegrown mango trees can thrive for many years in Texas landscapes. Both during the growing and dormant seasons, there are tasks to perform for optimal health, survival and fruit production.
Pruning for Good Structure and Airflow
Active pruning is necessary for mango trees to develop a strong skeletal structure able to support heavy crops. Cut back long, drooping or crossing limbs early. Thin interior branches to improve sunlight penetration and reduce disease pressure.
Protecting From Extreme Cold
Texas mangoes planted in USDA zones 8b–10 should be cold-hardy, but young or stressed trees may require protection. For brief dips below 28°F, simply cover foliage with blankets. Plastic-wrapped structures provide more insulation below 18°F. Remove covers daily to inspect for damage.
Managing Common Pests Naturally
Mealybugs, scales and aphids can affect leaves and new growth. Control with dormant or growing season oils, insecticidal soaps or neem oil as needed.
Anthracnose fungus causes leaf drop; treat with copper fungicide at bud break and after blooming. Cut off diseased limbs in worst cases.
Recognizing Needs and Stresses
Yellow lower leaves may signal too much or too little water. Drooping limbs need support. Dieback indicates extreme cold damage. Fertilize in spring with balanced citrus and palm food to boost fruit production. Addressing issues promptly helps mango trees thrive long-term.
Harvesting and Storing Bountiful Mangoes
Most varieties are ready to pick when the skin changes from green to colorful and ripe. Gently twist fruits from stems.
Store on counter to eat within a few days or refrigerate for 1-2 weeks. Peel, slice, and enjoy fresh, or make preserves! Unripe mangoes can ripen off the tree indoors too.
Texas Mango Recipe Ideas
No mango harvest would be complete without enjoying the fruits of your labor! Here are some tasty ways to prepare mangoes that are uniquely Texan in spirit. Share your bounty with friends and family for celebrations all summer.
Mango Salsa
Dice mangoes, onion, tomato, jalapeno and cilantro. Season with lime juice, salt, and chile powder. Serve with tortilla chips for tailgating or weekend get-togethers. Garnish with extra lime wedges.
Mango Lassi Smoothie
Blend mangoes, yogurt, milk, honey or sugar and a splash of vanilla. Pour over ice for a refreshing breakfast or afternoon pick-me-up on the back porch.
Pickled Green Mangoes
Preserve unripe mangoes in sweet-spicy brine with onion and chile. Enjoy slices on tacos or as a snack for up to a year. Great for gifts too!
Grilled Mango Kabobs
Combine diced mangoes, cherry tomatoes and chicken or shrimp. Thread onto skewers and grill until lightly charred. Brush with BBQ sauce. The perfect summer supper!
FAQs About Growing Mango Trees in Texas
How Long Before a Tree Bears Fruit?
Mango trees typically take 3-5 years after planting to achieve flowering size in Texas. The young fruit may not be of best quality. By years 4–6, more substantial crops can be expected. Patience and proper establishment care are critical.
Can Mangoes Be Grown From Seed?
While possible technically, mango seeds do not always produce trees true-to-the-parent plant in flavor or traits. This can lead to uncertainty. Visit a local nursery for grafted trees of named, tried-and-tested varieties best suited to your area.
What Climate Zones Support Mangoes in Texas?
Most references state mango trees grow successfully across USDA zones 8b through 10 in Texas. This covers the southeastern, southern and coastal regions from Beaumont/Houston west to Brownsville and El Paso southward. Microclimates still matter for individual locations.
How Do I Know If A Tree Needs More Sun?
Pale foliage that is smaller or sparser than expected may indicate insufficient sun exposure of less than 8 hours daily for mangoes. Move the tree to a sunnier spot if possible. Or prune to thin canopy and let more light filter through to inner leaves and branches.
My Mango Tree Isn’t Bearing fruit—what’s Wrong?
Many factors influence flowering and fruit set. Stressed or young trees, disease, pests, extreme temperatures, and a lack of nutrients or water can all cause this. Improve growing conditions, give it time, and contact a local extension agent for tree assessments if changes aren’t seen with routine care over one growing season.
Conclusion
With the proper mango variety selection and ongoing care practices suited for Texas’ climate conditions, growing your own mango tree can be a rewarding experience. Whether as an ingredient in unique recipes or simply enjoyed fresh from the backyard, the tropical fruit is a great addition to any Lone Star garden.
Starting with a grafted tree of a recommended variety like ‘Kent’, ‘Francis’, or ‘Tommy Atkins’ grown in other local areas gives the best chance of success. Following planting guidelines with regard to sun, soil and water needs helps establish strong roots for weathering heat and occasional cold snaps.
Routine pruning and pest monitoring keep the tree structurally sound and productive each season. Making harvest-time adjustments like protecting young trees if harsh freezes threaten honors mango trees’ subtropical nature while still allowing cultivation across much of the state.
With proper variety selection and cultivar care, patience is eventually rewarded with delicious fresh mangoes to enjoy in recipes, smoothies and more.
Homegrown mangoes from Texas orchards and gardens offer healthy seasonal eating for families. They also provide a fun, unique food experience celebrating the tropical flavors of warm summer days for years to come.
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